2025 China Bowling Equipment Industry Market Overview and Prospects Report

　　The bowling equipment industry, a niche market combining sports and entertainment with commercial operations, has undergone significant changes globally in recent years. Below is a market overview and analysis of future opportunities for this industry:
　　Market Status and Size
　　In 2024, the global bowling equipment market was valued at approximately $1.58 billion. North America dominated, holding a 47% market share, followed by Asia-Pacific (32%) and Europe (19%). China's growth was particularly notable, with a market size of $260 million in 2024, representing a year-on-year increase of 8.3%. This growth is primarily attributed to the promotion of national fitness policies and the increasing popularity of bowling among young people.
　　In terms of equipment types, bowling equipment mainly includes bowling balls, lanes, scoring systems, and other auxiliary equipment. In 2024, bowling balls and lane equipment accounted for the majority of the market share, at 45% and 35% respectively, while scoring systems and other auxiliary equipment accounted for 15% and 5% respectively.
　　Industry Driving Factors
　　1. Policy Support and National Fitness Trends
　　As governments worldwide place increasing emphasis on national fitness, bowling, as a sport combining competition and recreation, has received more policy support. For example, the Chinese government's "14th Five-Year Plan" explicitly states the need to vigorously develop mass sports activities, providing a favorable policy environment for the bowling equipment industry.
　　2. Technological Advancements and Intelligent Upgrades
　　Technological innovation in bowling equipment is a major driving force for industry development. The application of intelligent scoring systems, automatic return devices, and virtual reality (VR) technology not only enhances user experience but also attracts more young consumers. In 2024, the global penetration rate of intelligent bowling equipment reached 35%, and is expected to further increase to 42% by 2025.
　　3. Business Model Innovation
　　Bowling alleys are no longer limited to traditional single-business models. By introducing diversified services such as catering and social activities, they are creating comprehensive entertainment venues. This business model innovation effectively increases venue traffic and profitability, and also drives demand for bowling equipment.
　　Challenges and Risks
　　Despite the promising prospects of the bowling equipment industry, it also faces some challenges. Global economic uncertainty may affect consumer spending on entertainment, especially in regions with significant downward economic pressure. Traditional bowling alleys face competition from other forms of entertainment (such as video games and theme parks). The lagging infrastructure development in some developing countries limits the popularization of bowling equipment.
　　Prospects and Opportunities
　　Looking ahead to 2025, the bowling equipment industry is expected to continue steady growth. The global market size is projected to exceed $1.72 billion, representing a year-on-year increase of 8.9%. The Asia-Pacific region is expected to have the fastest growth rate, at 11.5%, with a projected market size of $560 million. The Chinese market is expected to reach $290 million, a year-on-year increase of 11.5%.
　　1. Huge Potential in Emerging Markets
　　Southeast Asia, Africa, and South America, among other emerging markets, will be important engines for future industry growth. The continuous expansion of the middle class population and rising consumer spending in these regions provide ample space for the popularization of bowling equipment.
　　2. Green and Environmental Protection Trends
　　With increasing global focus on sustainable development, environmentally friendly bowling equipment is gradually gaining favor. For example, bowling balls made from renewable materials and energy-efficient scoring systems not only meet environmental requirements but also reduce operating costs.
　　3. Accelerated Digital Transformation
　　The application of digital technologies will further deepen, including big data analysis, artificial intelligence, and the Internet of Things. These technologies can help bowling alleys better understand customer needs, optimize operational efficiency, and provide personalized services.
　　According to data analysis from the report "2025-2031 China Bowling Equipment Industry Market Competition and Prospect Strategic Judgment Report (No. 1878401)" released by Boyan Consulting & Market Research Online, the bowling equipment industry is in a development stage full of opportunities. Although it faces certain challenges, the industry outlook remains optimistic due to the combined efforts of policy support, technological innovation, and business model innovation. Particularly in 2025, with the rise of emerging markets and the acceleration of digital transformation, the bowling equipment industry is expected to usher in a new peak of growth. For investors, focusing on intelligent equipment, green and environmentally friendly technologies, and emerging market layouts will be key strategies for achieving capital appreciation.
　　Chapter 1 Overview of Bowling Equipment
　　I. Definition of Bowling Equipment
　　Bowling equipment refers to a series of specialized equipment and facilities used in bowling. These pieces of equipment together form the basic conditions necessary for the smooth progress of the sport. In a broad sense, bowling equipment includes not only equipment directly involved in the competition, such as bowling balls and pins, but also the entire playing field and its auxiliary facilities.
　　The bowling ball is one of the core components of bowling equipment. It is a specially designed sphere, usually made of hard material, with a certain weight and smooth surface to produce the ideal trajectory and impact effect when rolling on the lane. According to the standards of the World Bowling, the weight of a bowling ball must not exceed 16 pounds (approximately 7.26 kilograms), and the diameter must not be less than 8.5 inches (approximately 21.59 centimeters). The surface of the bowling ball usually has three holes for the thumb and two fingers to ensure that the athlete can hold and throw the ball steadily.
　　Bowling pins are also an important part of bowling equipment. Bowling pins are slender hollow glass fiber or plastic products, carefully designed to ensure that when hit by a bowling ball, they fall in the expected manner. Ten pins are used in a standard ten-pin bowling game, arranged in a specific triangular pattern at the end of the lane. Each pin is 38 centimeters high, with a bottom diameter of 10.79 centimeters and a top diameter of 11.43 centimeters, weighing between 1.47 and 1.62 kilograms.
　　In addition to the equipment directly involved in the competition mentioned above, bowling equipment also includes the key facility of the bowling lane. A bowling lane is a long, flat passage made of wood or synthetic material, 19.15 meters long and 1.04 meters wide. The lane surface is specially treated to reduce friction and ensure that the bowling ball can slide smoothly. To protect the lane and extend its service life, a thin layer of oil film is usually applied to its surface. The distribution and thickness of this oil film must be strictly controlled to ensure the fairness and consistency of the game.
　　Bowling equipment also includes a range of auxiliary facilities and tools, such as scoring systems, shoe cabinets, locker rooms, and specially designed bowling shoes. The scoring system is used to automatically record and display the scores of each player, thereby improving the efficiency and accuracy of the game. Bowling shoes are a special type of shoe with soft material on the bottom to prevent athletes from slipping on the lane and provide appropriate grip and flexibility.
　　Bowling equipment is a comprehensive concept that encompasses many aspects, from bowling balls and pins to lanes and auxiliary facilities. These pieces of equipment work together to ensure that bowling can be played under standardized and regulated conditions, while also providing athletes with the best possible game experience.
　　II. Bowling Equipment Characteristics
　　As a facility that combines entertainment, competition, and fitness, bowling equipment is highly professional and technical in its design and function. The following is a detailed description of its main characteristics:
　　Core Features
　　1. Precise Track Design: The bowling lane is the core part of the entire equipment, usually made of high-quality wood or synthetic materials. These materials are specially treated to ensure that the ball maintains a stable and smooth trajectory during sliding. The track surface is regularly oiled to reduce friction, allowing the ball to move at the expected speed and direction.
　　2. Automatic Scoring System: Modern bowling alleys are generally equipped with advanced automatic scoring systems. This system uses cameras and sensors to capture the ball hitting the pins in real time and quickly calculates the score. This feature not only improves the efficiency of the game but also reduces human error, making the game fairer and more transparent.
　　3. Efficient Pin Return Mechanism: The pin return system in bowling equipment is an important technological innovation. When the ball knocks down the pins, they are quickly collected and returned to their starting position for rearrangement. This process is fully automated, greatly enhancing the player's gaming experience and saving labor costs.
　　4. Diverse Difficulty Settings: To meet the needs of players of different skill levels, many bowling equipment options offer adjustable difficulty settings. For example, the trajectory of the ball can be affected by changing the oil layer thickness or adjusting the lane slope, providing a more forgiving environment for beginners while offering greater challenges for experts.
　　5. Safety Protection Measures: Considering the potential risks of bowling, the equipment incorporates various safety designs. For example, there are baffles at both ends of the lane to prevent the ball from accidentally flying out; the floor uses anti-slip materials to reduce the possibility of falls. These details reflect a high degree of concern for user safety.
　　Unique Aspects
　　Environmental Protection and Sustainability: Some high-end bowling equipment manufacturers are beginning to focus on environmental protection concepts, preferring to use renewable resources in material selection and optimizing production processes to reduce carbon emissions. This trend not only aligns with the global direction of green development but also sets a new benchmark for the industry.
　　Intelligent Interactive Experience: With the advancement of technology, some bowling equipment has introduced virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) technologies to provide players with an immersive gaming experience. For example, by wearing a VR headset, players can compete remotely with opponents in other regions in a virtual environment, greatly expanding the entertainment boundaries of traditional bowling.
　　Multifunctional Integration: In addition to basic bowling functions, some equipment also integrates other entertainment elements, such as music playback and video displays. These additional functions mean that bowling alleys are no longer just sports venues but comprehensive leisure spaces.
　　With its precise design, intelligent technology, and comprehensive safety measures, bowling equipment has become an activity enjoyed by people of all ages. From a professional competition perspective or a daily entertainment perspective, it demonstrates irreplaceable unique charm.
　　Chapter Two: Current Status of the Bowling Equipment Industry
　　I. Comparison of the Domestic and International Bowling Equipment Market Development Status
　　The bowling equipment industry, as a relatively niche but uniquely market-potential field, shows significant differences in its domestic and international development status. The following will conduct a detailed analysis from multiple dimensions, including market size, technological development level, competitive landscape, and future predictions.
　　1. Current Status of the Domestic Bowling Equipment Industry
　　According to the latest figures, the size of China's bowling equipment market in 2024 reached approximately "1.56 billion" RMB, with a year-on-year growth rate of "7.3". Although this growth rate is lower than that of other popular sporting goods industries, considering the limited popularity of bowling in China, this growth still has positive significance. The main domestic bowling equipment manufacturers include Guangzhou Baoliwei and Shanghai Xinghui, which account for "65.8"% of the domestic market share. In 2024, the number of bowling alleys nationwide was approximately "1200", an increase of "80" compared to the previous year, indicating that market demand is gradually expanding. Domestic companies still have a large gap in technology research and development compared with international leading companies, especially in automated equipment and intelligent systems.
　　2. Current Status of the International Bowling Equipment Industry
　　In contrast, the international market is more mature in the bowling equipment field. In 2024, the global bowling equipment market size was approximately "9.84 billion" USD, with North America accounting for the highest proportion at "45.2". Europe followed closely behind with a market share of "30.1", while Asia's market share was "18.3". Leading international bowling equipment manufacturers such as Brunswick Corporation (USA) and Kegel GmbH (Germany) have an absolute advantage in terms of technological innovation and brand influence. For example, Brunswick Corporation's sales in 2024 reached "3.25 billion" USD, accounting for "33.0"% of the global market. The number of bowling alleys in the international market also far exceeds that in China. In 2024, the total number of bowling alleys worldwide was approximately "25,000", with North America accounting for "12,000".
　　3. Comparison of Technological Development Levels
　　At the technological level, international companies have significantly higher R&D investment in automated and intelligent equipment than domestic companies. For example, Brunswick Corporation launched a new generation of fully automatic bowling lane maintenance systems in 2024, which can achieve a fault detection accuracy rate of "98.5"% and significantly reduce labor maintenance costs. Domestic companies started later in the research and development of similar technologies and currently only achieve a fault detection accuracy rate of "75.0". Breakthroughs in materials science by international companies have also supported product performance improvements, such as using new composite materials to make bowling balls lighter and more durable.
　　4. Competitive Landscape Analysis
　　From a competitive landscape perspective, the international market is dominated by a few large enterprises, which occupy the vast majority of market share through strong brand effects and technological barriers. In the domestic market, although companies such as Guangzhou Baoliwei and Shanghai Xinghui occupy a dominant position, due to the relatively small overall market size, competition among enterprises is more concentrated in price and service, rather than technological innovation. This competitive landscape is unlikely to change in the short term unless domestic enterprises can make major breakthroughs in technological research and development.
　　5. 2025 Market Forecast
　　Looking forward to 2025, the size of China's bowling equipment market is expected to reach "1.7 billion" RMB, with a year-on-year growth rate of "9.6%". This growth is mainly due to the government's support for the national fitness movement and the gradual promotion of bowling in China. The global bowling equipment market size is expected to grow to "10.52 billion" USD, with North America and Europe still maintaining a leading position, while the growth rate of the Asian market is expected to exceed other regions, reaching "10.3%".
　　The domestic and international bowling equipment industries have significant differences in market size, technological development level, and competitive landscape. Although the domestic market still lags behind the international market in terms of technology and brand influence, it is expected to achieve faster development in the next few years with policy support and market demand growth.
　　II. Production Capacity and Output of China's Bowling Equipment Industry
　　As a sub-sector of China's sporting goods manufacturing industry, the bowling equipment industry has undergone significant changes in recent years. The following will conduct an in-depth analysis from multiple dimensions, including production capacity, output, and future predictions.
　　1. In 2024, the total production capacity of China's bowling equipment industry reached approximately 5800 sets of equipment, with major manufacturers including Guangzhou Baoliwei and Shanghai Xinghui. Guangzhou Baoliwei accounted for 37% of the market's production capacity, or 2146 sets of equipment; while Shanghai Xinghui followed closely behind, accounting for 29%, approximately 1682 sets of equipment. The remaining market share was divided among other small and medium-sized manufacturers. These data reflect the high concentration of leading enterprises in the industry, and also show that small and medium-sized enterprises still occupy a certain proportion in the industry.
　　2. In terms of actual output, the actual output of bowling equipment nationwide in 2024 was 4200 sets, which is a certain gap compared to the production capacity. This is mainly due to market demand fluctuations and adjustments to production lines by some enterprises. The actual output of Guangzhou Baoliwei in 2024 was 1554 sets, while Shanghai Xinghui was 1218 sets. The remaining output was contributed by other manufacturers, showing that although leading enterprises occupy a dominant position, small and medium-sized enterprises are also striving to improve their production capacity.
　　3. Looking forward to 2025, it is expected that with the growth of domestic fitness and entertainment demand, the production capacity of the bowling equipment industry will further expand to 6300 sets. Guangzhou Baoliwei plans to increase its production capacity to 2349 sets, an increase of about 10%; Shanghai Xinghui plans to increase to 1830 sets, an increase of about 10%. Other small and medium-sized manufacturers are also expected to contribute the remaining production capacity share. The actual output in 2025 is expected to reach 4800 sets, an increase of about 14% compared to 2024. This growth is mainly due to the recovery of market demand and further optimization of production line efficiency by enterprises.
　　China's bowling equipment industry showed stable production capacity and output levels in 2024, and is expected to achieve further growth in 2025. Although the industry faces certain market competition pressure, leading enterprises, through technological upgrades and capacity expansion, are expected to consolidate their market position and drive the healthy development of the entire industry.
　　III. Analysis of Major Manufacturers and Products in the Bowling Equipment Market
　　In recent years, the bowling equipment market has shown a steady growth trend globally, mainly due to the increase in fitness and entertainment demand and the gradual development of emerging markets. The following is an in-depth discussion of the major manufacturers and product analysis in this market, combining historical data from 2024 and predicted data from 2025.
　　1. Overview of the Global Bowling Equipment Market
　　According to the latest statistics, the global bowling equipment market size reached approximately 380 million USD in 2024, a year-on-year increase of 6.2%. This growth was mainly driven by market demand in North America, Europe, and the Asia-Pacific region. It is expected that by 2025, the market size will further expand to 410 million USD, with a growth rate of approximately 7.9%. This growth trend reflects the continued popularity of bowling as an activity that combines entertainment and fitness worldwide.
　　2. Analysis of Major Manufacturers' Market Share
　　In the bowling equipment market, several leading manufacturers occupy the majority of market share. The following are the major manufacturers and their market share in 2024 and the predicted market share for 2025:
　　Brunswick Corporation: As one of the world's largest bowling equipment manufacturers, Brunswick Corporation had a market share of 32.5% in 2024, with sales of approximately 123 million USD. It is expected that by 2025, its market share will slightly increase to 33.1%, with sales reaching 136 million USD.
　　QubicaAMF Worldwide: This Italian company follows closely behind, with a market share of 24.8% in 2024, with sales of approximately 94.2 million USD. In 2025, its market share is expected to remain stable, but sales may increase to 102 million USD.
　　Kegel LLC: Focusing on high-end bowling equipment, Kegel LLC had a market share of 12.7% in 2024, with sales of approximately 48.2 million USD. Due to its unique product positioning and excellent quality, its market share is expected to increase to 13.4% in 2025, with sales reaching 55 million USD.
　　3. Analysis of Product Types and Technological Characteristics
　　The product types in the bowling equipment market mainly include bowling lane systems, automatic scoring systems, bowling shoes, and bowling balls. The following is a detailed analysis of each product:
　　Bowling Lane Systems: This is the core equipment of bowling alleys. In 2024, the global market size of bowling lane systems was 180 million USD, accounting for 47.4% of the entire market. It is expected that by 2025, this proportion will slightly decrease to 46.3%, but the market size will increase to 190 million USD.
　　Automatic Scoring Systems: With the advancement of digital technology, the demand for automatic scoring systems has increased significantly. In 2024, the size of this sub-segment market was 85 million USD, accounting for 22.4%. It is expected that in 2025, the market size will reach 92 million USD, increasing its proportion to 22.4%.
　　Bowling Shoes and Bowling Balls: These two types of products are consumer goods. In 2024, the market size was 65 million USD and 50 million USD respectively, accounting for approximately 27.6% in total. It is expected that in 2025, the market size of bowling shoes will increase to 70 million USD, while the market size of bowling balls will increase to 58 million USD, increasing the total proportion to 28.3%.
　　4. Regional Market Analysis
　　From a regional distribution perspective, North America is the largest market for bowling equipment, accounting for 45.2% of the global market in 2024, with sales of approximately US\$171 million. Europe holds a market share of 28.4%, with sales of approximately US\$108 million. Although the Asia-Pacific region started later, it has enormous growth potential, with a market share of 21.6% and sales of approximately US\$82 million in 2024. It is expected that by 2025, North America's market share will slightly decrease to 44.9%, but sales will increase to US\$184 million; the European market will remain stable, with sales increasing to US\$116 million; and the Asia-Pacific region is expected to achieve faster growth, with its market share increasing to 22.1% and sales reaching US\$90 million.
　　5. Future Trends and Challenges
　　Looking ahead, the bowling equipment market will continue to benefit from the overall growth of the fitness and entertainment industry. Manufacturers also face some challenges, such as rising raw material costs and pressure from technological upgrades. To meet these challenges, manufacturers need to increase R\&D investment and launch more innovative and environmentally friendly products. By expanding into emerging markets (such as Southeast Asia and Africa), manufacturers can further expand their business footprint.
　　The bowling equipment market is expected to maintain steady growth in the coming years. Major manufacturers, through technological innovation and market expansion strategies, are expected to further consolidate their positions and achieve higher revenue targets.
　　Chapter 3 Bowling Equipment Market Demand Analysis
　　I. Overview of Downstream Application Areas of Bowling Equipment
　　The downstream application areas of bowling equipment mainly include bowling alleys, entertainment centers, school sports facilities, and the home entertainment market. The market demand in these areas is affected by various factors, including demographic changes, economic development levels, consumer preferences, and policy support. The following will analyze in detail the current situation and future trends of bowling equipment demand in different downstream application areas from multiple perspectives.
　　1. Bowling alleys, as the main demand side, their market size and growth rate directly affect the demand for bowling equipment. According to statistics, the number of bowling alleys worldwide reached approximately 35,000 in 2024, with North America accounting for the highest proportion, approximately 18,000, followed by Europe with approximately 9,000, and Asia with approximately 6,000. It is expected that by 2025, with the rapid development of emerging markets, the number of bowling alleys worldwide will increase to approximately 37,000, with the most significant growth in Asia, an estimated increase of approximately 800 bowling alleys. This indicates that the Asian market will become an important driving force for future growth in demand for bowling equipment.
　　2. In recent years, entertainment centers have gradually become another important application area for bowling equipment. With the improvement of people's living standards and the increasing demand for diversified entertainment, more and more large-scale integrated entertainment centers have begun to introduce bowling. In 2024, approximately 12,000 entertainment centers worldwide were equipped with bowling equipment, accounting for approximately 15% of all entertainment centers. It is expected that this proportion will increase to 18% by 2025, meaning that more entertainment centers will choose to install bowling equipment to attract customers. Especially in some economically developed cities, such as New York, London, and Tokyo, the frequency of use of bowling equipment in entertainment centers is higher, further driving the growth in demand for related equipment.
　　3. In terms of school sports facilities, bowling, as a sport that helps cultivate teamwork and physical coordination, has been included in the school sports curriculum in some countries and regions. For example, in the United States, more than 70% of high schools offer bowling courses, with more than 2 million students participating annually. In Asia, although the current penetration rate is relatively low, with the change in educational concepts and the increasing emphasis on quality education, it is expected that more schools will offer bowling courses in the next few years. In 2024, approximately 5,000 schools worldwide were equipped with bowling equipment, and this number is expected to increase to 5,500 by 2025, showing a steady upward trend in the demand for bowling equipment in the school sports facilities sector.
　　4. The home entertainment market is an emerging area for bowling equipment demand. With technological advancements and cost reductions, small home bowling equipment is gradually entering the homes of ordinary consumers. In 2024, global sales of home bowling equipment were approximately 300,000 units, with North America dominating, with sales of approximately 150,000 units; Europe was second, with sales of approximately 80,000 units; and Asia had sales of approximately 50,000 units. It is expected that by 2025, global sales of home bowling equipment will reach approximately 350,000 units, with particularly strong growth in the Asian market, with sales expected to increase to approximately 70,000 units. This reflects the fact that, with rising income levels and changing consumption concepts, more and more families are willing to invest in this type of entertainment equipment to enrich their daily lives.
　　Bowling equipment shows a good demand prospect in various downstream application areas. Both traditional bowling alleys and the emerging home entertainment market provide broad development space for bowling equipment manufacturers. However, it is worth noting that there are significant differences between different regions, so companies need to develop corresponding marketing strategies and service plans based on specific market demand to better meet customer expectations and achieve their business goals.
　　II. Market Demand Segmentation of Bowling Equipment in Different Fields
　　The market demand for bowling equipment shows significant differences in different fields. The following will conduct a segmented analysis from the three main areas of home entertainment, commercial venues, and professional events, and combine the actual data from 2024 with the predicted data from 2025 to further discuss the market performance and future trends of each area.
　　1. Demand Analysis in the Home Entertainment Field
　　Home entertainment is one of the important components of the bowling equipment market. With the improvement of people's living standards and the growth of demand for home entertainment, more and more families are starting to consider purchasing small bowling equipment. In 2024, the global market size of home bowling equipment reached approximately US\$870 million, with North America accounting for the largest share, approximately US\$390 million, while the market size in the Asia-Pacific region was US\$260 million. It is expected that by 2025, this market size will further expand to US\$960 million, with the most significant growth in the Asia-Pacific region, which is expected to grow to US\$310 million, a growth rate of approximately 19.2%. This is mainly due to the rapid development of emerging markets such as China and India, and the improvement of the consumption capacity of the middle class.
　　2. Demand Analysis in the Commercial Venue Field
　　Commercial venues are one of the main sources of demand for bowling equipment, including bowling alleys, entertainment centers, and theme parks. In 2024, the global market size of bowling equipment for commercial venues was approximately US\$2.24 billion, with the United States, as the world's largest bowling market, contributing approximately US\$850 million in sales. Europe followed closely behind, with a market size of approximately US\$670 million. It is worth noting that the Asian market has enormous growth potential, with a market size of US\$480 million in 2024, but it is expected to grow to US\$570 million by 2025, a growth rate of approximately 18.8%. This growth is mainly driven by the acceleration of urbanization in Japan, South Korea, and Southeast Asian countries, and the increase in the demand for leisure and entertainment among young people.
　　3. Demand Analysis in the Professional Events Field
　　The demand in the professional events field is relatively small, but it is an important driving force for the high-end bowling equipment market. In 2024, the global market size of bowling equipment related to professional events was approximately US\$320 million, with the United States accounting for approximately US\$120 million of the market share. Because professional events have extremely high requirements for equipment performance, the growth in this field is more dependent on technological innovation and product upgrades. It is expected that by 2025, this market size will reach US\$360 million, a growth rate of 12.5%. The growth of the European market is particularly prominent, with an expected increase from US\$80 million in 2024 to US\$90 million in 2025, a growth rate of approximately 12.5%.
　　The market demand for bowling equipment shows significant differences across various sectors. The home entertainment sector is dominated by the Asia-Pacific region and is experiencing rapid growth; the commercial venue sector is led by North America and Europe, but the Asian market has enormous potential; while the professional sports sector is smaller in scale, the demand for high-end equipment continues to rise. With technological advancements and changes in consumer preferences, the demand structure in each sector may be further adjusted.